Thurgood Marshall
By
John C Abercrombie
Thurgood was born with the name of Thoroughgood Marshall July 2, 1908 in Baltimore, Maryland. He later shortened his first name from Thoroughgood to Thurgood. His ancestry on both sides included slaves. His father William was a railroad porter, and his mother Norma was a teacher.
Marshall developed an interest in debate and the court from his father, who would take him and his brother to watch court cases. The family debated current events after dinner. To quote Marshall on the subject he said that although his father never told him to become a lawyer, he “turned me into one. He did it by teaching me to argue, by challenging my logic on every point, by making me prove every statement made.” This shows the power of being exposed to various ideas and the value of education.
Marshall attended Frederick Douglass High School (all Black) in Baltimore. He graduated a year early in the top 3rd of his class. After High School, he attended Lincoln University an HBCU located near Oxford, Pennsylvania. He graduated cum laude with a Bachelor of Arts degree in American Literature and philosophy.
He wanted to study law at the University of Maryland School of Law but did not even apply because of the school’s segregationist policies. Instead, he attended Howard University School of Law in Washington, DC This required him to leave home at 5:00 am, getting home about midnight.
At Howard, Marshall was influenced by the dean of the School of Law, Charles Hamilton Houston, who is featured in another post on amazingblackhistory.com. Thurgood Marshal graduated first in his law class at Howard.
After graduation from Howard School of Law, Thurgood Marshall set up private practice in his hometown of Baltimore, Maryland and later began his 25 year affiliation with the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). It is ironic that he represented the NAACP in a law school discrimination suit, Murray v Pearson.
This case pitted Donald Gaines Murray a Black Amherst College graduate who was denied admission to the University of Maryland School of Law because of its segregationist policies. This is the same school that had denied Marshall admittance when he wanted to attend Law School.
Prior to this case Black students could either attend Morgan State University or attend an institution out of state. Another problem is the facilities and funding of Black institutions on all levels was well below that of institutions reserved for Whites.
Marshall argued that the segregationist policies violated the “separate but equal” doctrine of Plessy v Ferguson because the state did not provide a comparable educational opportunity at a state run Black institution.
The Maryland Court of Appeals ruled against the state of Maryland and its Attorney. The court stated, “Compliance with the Constitution cannot be deferred at the will of the state. Whatever system is adopted for legal education must furnish equality of treatment now.”
The NAACP Legal Defense Fund was initially started by Charles Hamilton Houston in the 1930’s. Charles Hamilton Houston was a mentor of Thurgood Marshall. In 1940 Marshall established the Legal Defense Fund as a separate legal entity and in 1957 became a totally independent of the NAACP. Today it is known as the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Inc.
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At the age of 32, Marshall won U.S. Supreme Court case Chambers v. Florida, 309 U.S. 227 (1940).
That same year, he founded and became the executive director of the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund.[15] As the head of the Legal Defense Fund, he argued many other civil rights cases before the Supreme Court, most of them successfully, including Smith v. Allwright, 321 U.S. 649 (1944); Shelley v. Kraemer, 334 U.S. 1 (1948); Sweatt v. Painter, 339 U.S. 629 (1950); and McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, 339 U.S. 637 (1950). His most famous case as a lawyer was Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483 (1954), the case in which the Supreme Court ruled that “separate but equal” public education, as established by Plessy v. Ferguson, was not applicable to public education because it could never be truly equal. In total, Marshall won 29 out of the 32 cases he argued before the Supreme Court. * Thurgood Marshall (History) Educational Videos for Students (Learning Cartoon Network CN) Bringing you history watch our learning cartoon network as we have fun with a biography on Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall. With our educational videos for students learn about the first African American Supreme Court Justice right here on Welcome to FresBerg.
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Law
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History
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Thurgood Marshall for Kids
Learn about Thurgood Marshall in this biography video for kids! Thurgood Marshall is an incredible figure in American history! Learn about his life and legacy in this video!
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Children’s Books
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Thurgood Marshall: American Revolutionary
From the bestselling author of Eyes on the Prize, here is the definitive biography of the great lawyer and Supreme Court justice.
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Moments In History: Remembering Thurgood Marshall
Thurgood Marshall was one of the country’s greatest jurists and civil rights advocates, but he was also a gifted storyteller who liked to leaven even a serious tale with a sprinkling of humor. With his keen intelligence and wit, he was a source of inspiration for the young lawyers who worked in his chambers. In a video prepared by the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts in recognition of African American History Month, five of Marshall’s former clerks share their recollections of the legal mastermind behind the landmark Brown v. Board of Education decision who went on to become America’s first African American Supreme Court justice. The video was created in partnership with the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, where Marshall served before his elevation to the high court.
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Devil in the Grove: Thurgood Marshall, the Groveland Boys, and the Dawn of a New America * Winner of the 2013 Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction * Nominated for a 2013 Edgar Award * Book of the Year (Non-fiction, 2012) The Boston Globe, Christian Science Monitor
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Thurgood Marshall
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Marshall Based on a true story,
MARSHALL follows future Supreme Court Justice, Thurgood Marshall, as he defends a black man from sexual assault charges against his white employer. Genres Drama, Suspense Director Reginald Hudlin Starring Chadwick Boseman, Kate Hudson, Josh Gad
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Thurgood Based on the one-man play and told in the first person by Laurence Fishburne,
this film brings to life turning points in the life and career of civil rights pioneer Thurgood Marshall, the first African American to serve on the U.S. Supreme Court. Genres Drama Director Michael Stevens Starring Laurence Fishburne
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Television and Video
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LOST THURGOOD MARSHALL INTERVIEW with MIKE WALLACE
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Just Mercy:
A Story of Justice and Redemption #1 NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • NOW A MAJOR MOTION PICTURE STARRING MICHAEL B. JORDAN AND JAMIE FOXX • A powerful true story about the potential for mercy to redeem us, and a clarion call to fix our broken system of justice—from one of the most brilliant and influential lawyers of our time.
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Five former clerks of Thurgood Marshall discuss his legacy
Five former clerks of Justice Thurgood Marshall gathered at Harvard Law School to discuss the justice’s legacy in advance of an upcoming biopic. Harvard Law Professors William B. Fisher, Randall Kennedy, Martha Minow, Carol Steiker and Mark Tushnet participated in the discussion, which was moderated by Professors Tomiko Brown-Nagin and Kenneth Mack.
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Young Thurgood:
The Making of a Supreme Court Justice Like the movie Marshall, this book–the only biography of Thurgood Marshall to be endorsed by Marshall’s immediate family–focuses on his early civil rights struggles and successes before Brown v. Board of Education. Thurgood Marshall was the most important American lawyer of the twentieth century.
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A Picture Book of Thurgood Marshall (Picture Book Biography)
A brilliant lawyer, a leader of the Civil Rights movement, and the first African-American justice of the US Supreme Court. A strong-willed boy, Marshall grew up in Baltimore, MD with the guidance of his parents who believed in the power of equality, education, and the importance of hard work. His determination carried him through law school at Howard University where he graduated at the top of his class
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Thurgood Marshall: Biography,
Supreme Court Justice, Civil Rights Attorney, Quotes (1993) Thurgood Marshall (July 2, 1908 — January 24, 1993) was an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court, serving from October 1967 until October 1991.
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Thurgood Marshall:
Bio, Quotes, College, Facts, Law, Writings, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (1998) Thurgood Marshall (July 2, 1908 – January 24, 1993) was an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court, serving from October 1967 until October 1991. Marshall was the Court’s 96th justice and its first African-American justice.
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The field of Civil Rights is an ongoing one. For centuries Blacks have been struggling for equal right in the country of their birth. They have done everything that a person would expect would result in equal rights, such as fighting and dying for their country. They have provided the labor that not only built the South but the entire country and the world. One of the best known fighters for Civil Rights is Thurgood Marshall. Marshall rose to the position of United States Supreme Court Justice. His legacy has propelled the country towards equality and the country should be proud of his work!