Brown v Board of Education – The Decision
By
John C Abercrombie
Brown v Board of Education was a landmark United States Supreme Court decision that essentially removed the “Separate but Equal” doctrine from schools. This was significant for several reasons, one being the equality of education.
The separate but equal doctrine was greatly abused and in actual practice enforced separate with no concern for equal. Having to stand on a bus with empty seats is not equal. Having to drink room temperature water instead of refrigerated cool water is in no way equal. Having to use unsanitary restrooms instead of well-maintained ones is in no way equal. Having to sit in separate cars on trains and street cars was not equal. In addition, it was cumbersome as it was not enforced uniformly in all states.
Being denied the opportunity to purchase a home because of financing and the practice of redlining was financially devastating to Black families and denied them the opportunity of generational wealth. Being denied the opportunity for higher education or apprenticeship programs was equally devastating.
Many people were victims of violence if they attempted to seek equal protection under the law, yet these terrorists’ activities received little or no protection from law enforcement agencies. Thousands of people, mostly Blacks found themselves faced with the threat of Lynching for perceived crimes with no consideration to a trial, let alone a fair one.
The American Civil War saw massive loss of life to those on both sides. Yet, the advances towards equality were negated by Andrew Johnson, 17th president of the United States. Johnson replaced Lincoln after Lincoln was assassinated. Being a Southerner, he had pro slavery sympathies and reversed many of the gains.
Rutherford B Hayes, 19th president further decimated the gains when he removed troops from the South, used to enforce the gains.
Woodrow Wilson, the 28th President of the United States went so far as to fire Black workers, including supervisors working in the federal government. He installed participations to separate the races, introduced separate restrooms for the races and required photos on employment applications to prevent some races from consideration.
While some of these conditions had nothing directly connected with the schools, it shows some of the many ways race was used against Black people. There is no better way to level the playing field than with education. Yet, under the separate but equal doctrine, school districts were spending from 2 to 10 times as much to educate White students than Black. Black teachers were paid less, until the 40’s. The list goes on and on.
We see the inconvenience in many of these cases. Linda Brown was forced to walk past a White school, attended by her playmates to go to a Black school. In Clarendon County, South Carolina that many students were forced to walk 9 miles each way to school and return home. Some even had to row across a lake to start the 9 mile walk. Clarendon had 33 buses for White students, 0 for Black students. This is in no way equal.
While Brown reversed many of these inequities, many states resisted them for decades. Practices in place for generations still produce inequities in our schools. Many of the Black schools would have produced superior students given the opportunity as the Black teachers were passionate about bring out the best in students. Parents just wanted the equal facilities, books, subject’s availability, but it was not to be under the separate but equal doctrine. Hence, we get to Brown. It is a complicated plan that resulted in Brown, a plan devised by Charles Hamilton Houston.
While Brown v Board of Education represents progress in the march towards racial equality, it requires much more work. Work from Parents, Teachers, Students and the Community. The future of the planet is dependent on the students of today. Let all of us commit to making the system work and work better.
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Brown v. Board of Education | BRI’s Homework Help Series Brown v. Board of Education
was a case brought to the Supreme Court in 1954 after Linda Brown, an African American student in Kansas, was denied access to the white-only schools nearby her house. Future Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall was the lawyer for the case and argued that segregated schools were inherently unequal. Ultimately, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of Linda Brown and declared segregation unconstitutional. This is one of the landmark cases that led to the passage of the Civil Rights Act in 1964.
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From the Grassroots to the Supreme Court:
Brown v. Board of Education and American Democracy (Constitutional Conflicts) Perhaps more than any other Supreme Court ruling, Brown v. Board of Education, the 1954 decision declaring the segregation of public schools unconstitutional, highlighted both the possibilities and the limitations of American democracy. This collection of sixteen original essays by historians and legal scholars takes the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of Brown to reconsider the history and legacy of that landmark decision. From the Grassroots to the Supreme Court juxtaposes oral histories and legal analysis to provide a nuanced look at how men and women understood Brown and sought to make the decision meaningful in their own lives.
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Law
We are often intimidated by the very subject, but there is no need for that. Sure, it is technical but there are all levels of reading available on various topics. The focus of this series included the Brown v Board decision, but as you read, you can see the 5 cases, you can even study the participants. There is no need to be intimidated or informed on the subject, use our Amazon affiliate link below
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Brown v. Board of Education (1954) | Separate Is NOT Equal
Of the many civil rights battles of the 1900s, none was more vital than overturning the “separate but equal” doctrine. This was the primary legal aim of a new civil rights organization founded in 1909 – the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) – which embarked upon a strategy of first integrating educational institutions. After winning cases involving graduate education in the 1940s, the NAACP legal team – led by future Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall – challenged segregated public school systems, alleging that such separate schooling was not equal…
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With All Deliberate Speed:
The Story of School Desegregation in Knoxville, Tennessee With all deliberate speed: The story of school desegregation in Knoxville, Tennessee. by Fred Bedelle, Jr. Ed.D. Knoxville had its share of the stress, problems and discomfort associated with school desegregation. However, the community managed to avoid the turmoil and strife experienced by many southern communities. Dr. Bedelle has performed a great service in writing this thoroughly researched book.–John J. Duncan, Congressman
ABH – With All Deliberate Speed
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Camera and Photo
As with this series, we see the great advantage Charles Hamilton Houston used photographs to stress the case of Brown v Board. Photo can work for you. Besides, it is a great hobby. I find it valuable to relieve stress as I attempt to get rare photos of local birds and fauna in the area. It can even develop into a money making hobby. Use our Amazon affiliate link below
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Ending School Segregation | Brown v. Board of Education
In episode 8 of Supreme Court Briefs, the Court unanimously has major issues with Plessy v. Ferguson and ends up dramatically changing the future of the Civil Rights Movement by ruling segregation “inherently unequal.”
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Brown v. Board of Education:
A Brief History with Documents (The Bedford Series in History and Culture) Using legal documents to frame the debates surrounding this historical moment, Brown v. Board of Education presents the case as an event, a symbol, and a key marker in the black liberation struggle.
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Hobbies
We often underestimate the power of hobbies. They provide relaxation and often give us a perspective on problem solving that can affect real life situations. An agile brain has more power. Keep your active use our Amazon affiliate link below
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Brown vs Board of Education
Thurgood Marshall www.BlogTalkRadio.com/TheGISTofFREEDOM Brown Vs Board of Education Thurgood Marshall Charles Hamilton Houston, Thurgood Marshall biography, Howard university, lawyers, attorney, civil rights Harvard
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Mr. Civil Rights: Thurgood Marshall and the NAACP
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Simple Justice 1993
A PBS film retells the story of the Brown v. Board of Education case, beginning with the work of the NAACP Legal Defense Fund’s efforts to combat ‘separate but equal’ in graduate school education, and culminating in the historical 1954 decision that overturned the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson case that had established legal racial segregation.
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Brown v. Board of Education:
A Fight for Simple Justice An award-winning author chronicles the story behind the landmark Supreme Court decision in this fascinating account for young readers. In 1954, one of the most significant Supreme Court decisions of the twentieth Century aimed to end school segregation in the United States. The ruling was the culmination of work by many people who stood up to racial inequality, some risking significant danger and hardship, and of careful strategizing by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).
ABH – Fight for Simple Justice
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