8th of August – Celebration
By
John C Abercrombie
The 8th of August seems to be an odd day for a celebration, but it significant to many, especially in Kentucky and Tennessee. Why August 8th?
There are many reasons given for this day and this post will explore some. One of the most widely given reasons is Andrew Johnson, later the 17th president of the United States freed his personally owned slaves on August 8th.
Andrew Johnson’s former slave, Sam, was instrumental in creating the first August 8th celebrations. From newspaper records of the first known August 8th event, Andrew Johnson attended the celebration.
Many are aware of the Emancipation Proclamation that went into effect January 1, 1863. There are many misconceptions of the reach of the proclamation. Yes, it freed slaves in the Confederate States of America, the country that was at war with the United States of America. It did not free slaves in the slave owning states that remained in the Union.
Some dates that are observed for their significance to the freeing of enslaved Black people
• January 1 because it is the date when the Emancipation Proclamation went into effect in 1863.
• September 22 because it is the date when the Emancipation Proclamation was issued in 1862
• April 9 because it is the day in 1865 When General Robert E Lee surrender to General Ulysses S Grant at Appomattox
• Some point out that August 8th was chosen because it was when slaves in Santo Domingo (Haiti) earned their freedom. Haiti was the first Black republic established in the Western Hemisphere after a slave uprising that began in 1791.
• Some choose a day in December because it represents hen the 13th amendment took effect.
o The 13th amendment to the United States Constitution abolished slavery and involuntary servitude. It passed the United States Senate April 8, 1864, the Unites State House of Congress January 31, 1865. It was adopted by the united States on December 6, 1865
Mississippi did not ratify the 13th amendment until 2013
• June 19 is recognized because it is the day when slaves were freed in Texas. This day is known as Juneteenth and is becoming a well-known day of celebration. See post on this site
As early as 1875 the Black community in Greene County, Tennessee began to hold annual celebrations on August 8th. It was known as the “Eighth of August Celebration”. Tennessee governor Phil Bredesen signed a House Bill officially recognizing August 8 as “Emancipation Day” in the state.
There is no doubt freedom and emancipation were important to the enslaved. They faced enormous challenges as they fought to gain their freedom knowing that being caught could result in severe punishment, mutilation or even death. Yet, it was worth it for many.
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8th of August Introduction | Kentucky Life | KET
American independence is celebrated on the 4th of July, but many African American communities in Western Kentucky also commemorate another day of freedom. The 8th of August is both an Emancipation celebration and a homecoming, and it’s been a tradition since the 1860s.
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A History of Blacks in Kentucky: From Slavery to Segregation, 1760-1891 (Kentucky Historical Society)
A History of Blacks in Kentucky traces the role of blacks from the early exploration and settlement of Kentucky to 1891, when African Americans gained freedom only to be faced with a segregated society. Making extensive use of numerous primary sources such as slave diaries, Freedmen’s Bureau records, church minutes, and collections of personal papers, the book tells the stories of individuals, their triumphs and tragedies, and their accomplishments in the face of adversity.
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8th of August: Russellville | Kentucky Life | KET
Russellville, Kentucky, in Logan County hosts what has become the largest of the 8th of August celebrations in the state, partly because of the West Kentucky African American Heritage Museum, which draws tourists and returning family alike.
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Diesel Men’s Mr. Daddy 2.0 Stainless Steel Chronograph Quartz Watch
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Evil Necessity: Slavery and Political Culture in Antebellum Kentucky
In Kentucky, the slavery debate raged for thirty years before the Civil War began. While whites in the lower South argued that slavery was good for master and slave, many white Kentuckians maintained that because of racial prejudice, public safety, and property rights, slavery was necessary but undeniably evil.
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8th of August “Stories from Da Dirt” | Kentucky Life | KET
In “Stories From Da Dirt,” performers with Music is Spirit create musical performances about the historical struggles of African American women born into slavery. After performances, the group leads a discussion with the audience on race and diversity. This performance of “Stories From Da Dirt” held at the historic Bibb House in Russellville, Kentucky. This home has a place in history for the actions taken by its owner, Richard Bibb. Bibb freed 29 of his slaves in 1829, long before the Civil War, paying for them to settle in the African nation of Liberia. Upon his death in 1839, he willed that his remaining slaves also be freed.
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Freedom’s Delay: America’s Struggle for Emancipation, 1776–1865
The Declaration of Independence proclaimed freedom for Americans from the domination of Great Britain, yet for millions of African Americas caught up in a brutal system of racially based slavery, freedom would be denied for ninety additional years until the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Freedom’s Delay: America’s Struggle for Emancipation, 1776–1865 probes the slow, painful, yet ultimately successful crusade to end slavery throughout the nation, North and South.
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8th of August: Tennessee’s Celebration of Emancipation
An original East Tennessee PBS production
In 1863, Abraham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation didn’t apply to the state of Tennessee. Nevertheless, then-Military governor Andrew Johnson freed his own slaves on the 8th of August 1863. This event would set off a century and half of freedom celebrations still celebrated today.
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Deep Roots: How Slavery Still Shapes Southern Politics (Princeton Studies in Political Behavior Book 6)
Despite dramatic social transformations in the United States during the last 150 years, the South has remained staunchly conservative. Southerners are more likely to support Republican candidates, gun rights, and the death penalty, and southern whites harbor higher levels of racial resentment than whites in other parts of the country. Why haven’t these sentiments evolved or changed? Deep Roots shows that the entrenched political and racial views of contemporary white southerners are a direct consequence of the region’s slaveholding history, which continues to shape economic, political, and social spheres. Today, southern whites who live in areas once reliant on slavery—compared to areas that were not—are more racially hostile and less amenable to policies that could promote black progress.
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East Tennessee Voices: Greeneville’s 8th of August
At the birthplace of the 8th of August Emancipation Celebrations, East Tennessee PBS, in partnership with the George Clem Multicultural Alliance, conducted a dialog with Greene County, Tennessee elders on their recollections and hopes for future generations around these important events.
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