Patton’s Black Panthers – 761st Tank Battalion
By
John C Abercrombie
America has a long and storied history of fighting for freedom and democracy. We fought for freedom from the United Kingdom and won freedoms. We freed ourselves from rule by the United Kingdom.
We have been the police for the world when these issues of freedom and democracy have risen. But a question remains, are we only fooling ourselves? Are these core values of America? How can we fight for these values for others around the world and deny them to our own citizens?
Morgan Freeman and Denzel Washington are in the process of producing a documentary about this well-deserving unit. We provide you with information, so you are not completely in the dark when the topic comes to the front. This is a long-standing problem. People not knowing their history. This includes all races and allows us to stand by with glazed eyes when people talk about such important matters. Do not let it happen to you this time. Be prepared!
A study of the 761 Tank Battalion mentions all of these questions, but before we answer the questions, we will look at this battalion, what they did and how they were treated.
History has a way of complying with what is expected without digging deeply into the factual side of the issue and World War II is no exception. Many citizens are hard pressed to explain fully the reason(s) for World War II. The most widely held reason is the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany, September 1, 1939, and the declaration of war on Germany by Britain and France, but there are other events that contributed. Also suggested as contributing causes, Japanese militarism against China, which led to the Japanese invasion of Manchuria and the Second Sino-Japanese War. The Italian aggression against Ethiopia which led to the Second Italo-Ethiopian War and the consent of Western countries to Germany’s actions on the annexation of Austria as well as the partition of Czechoslovakia and Germany’s success in negotiating the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact with the Soviet Union to divide the territorial control of Eastern Europe between them.
As we see, history can be complicated and may justify some of the glossing over, but only on an introductory scale. By not looking deeper, we confirm many false experts who actually know little.
History has shown us bravery and courage in war under the most difficult circumstances. America has rightfully held these brave warriors in high esteem.
Blacks have played major roles that have been hidden from history and the story of the all-Black 761 Tank Battalion is no exception.
The 761st Tank Batallion was formed April 1, 1942, at Camp Claiborne, Louisiana and they were subjected to the restrictions and repressions of the time and location. This sounds like a neutral statement until you look deeper into what those restrictions and repressions were.
Although sworn to defend the country with their lives, Black troops were subjected to the worst of society whether on the base or not.
Traveling to the base they were put in the most uncomfortable and least desirable conditions. On trains they had the car behind the engine, which was hot, smokey and smelly. On buses, this was in the back, and they were forced to give up their seat to accommodate any White person. Restrooms were not conveniently located while traveling or in station facilities. Often, they were denied the service of food. They were subjected to racial and degrading taunts everywhere. Law enforcement was openly hostile to Blacks despite the uniform. Interactions are not pleasant and are degrading. Entertainment is more difficult than it appears. For example, if you want to see a movie, it is more than just picking it, you have to determine if it is open to you. Even movies that were available to Whites seven days per week may be limited to one day per week for Blacks.
This is treatment that is with you day in and day out. It is 24/7 and never goes away.
The base is no safe refuge, in fact it may be worse, if that is possible. Officers are most often White. Southern Whites because they “Know how to treat them.” That means as less than human, with no respect or awareness that they are human.
Black soldiers of that time and place were subject to many racist crimes perpetrated by White soldiers, including a bloody riot between members of a neighboring segregated tank battalion and White military police officers in Alexandria, Louisiana on 10 January 1942. Several members of the 761st vowed to retaliate. They commandeered six tanks and a half-track but were persuaded to stand down by Lieutenant Colonel Bates who promised to straighten the situation out.
First Lieutenant Jack Roosevelt “Jackie” Robinson of the 761st, an athlete who would become one of the greatest baseball players of all time, lost his chance to see combat when he refused to move to the back of a segregated military bus during an incident at Fort Hood, Texas in July 1944. The 761st battalion’s commander, Lt. Col. Paul L. Bates, refused to prosecute Robinson, but his superiors got around that by transferring the lieutenant to another unit, where he was court-martialed. Robinson was later acquitted, but too late to rejoin the Black Panthers.
The dream of a Black Tank Battalion was only a wild dream as most Blacks were relegated to support work which was less desirable. Digging graves, building roads, loading, and unloading ammunition, almost anything except fighting the enemy. Most of the Blacks really wanted to fight. Fight for the cause and the claiming of rights of citizenship for all Blacks.
Immediately before and during World War II, U.S. military leaders had reservations about using Black soldiers in combat. General Lesley J. McNair, the commander of Army Ground Forces, successfully argued that “colored” units should be employed in combat. The program was supported by, and given national exposure in, Life magazine.
They learned how to maneuver, mount, dismount, and maintain the vehicle’s 37 mm main gun and .30 caliber machine guns. Final training was at Fort Hood, Texas, where they were upgraded to the M4 Sherman medium tank, which had a 75 mm main gun, two .30 caliber machine guns, a .50 caliber machine gun, and a two-inch smoke mortar.
Most of the Black tankers had to train in installations located in Southern states such as Kentucky, Louisiana, and Texas. In the days before the civil rights advances made in the 1960s, Black people were still treated harshly in the South and often considered an inferior race there. The men of the 761st trained for almost two years, conscious of the fact that White units were being sent overseas after much less training. The reason was not the lack of ability, but the thinking of White officers.
They were not permitted to train with White soldiers, who trained in the morning. They trained in the afternoon after the landscape had been chewed up during morning training. They were forced to maintain the equipment while the Whites were permitted to stop for the day. This actually helped the 761st during actual fighting.
The 761 Tank Battalion was dispatched as General George Patton was in desperate need of reinforcements and was down to this unit. Patton was well known for his contempt for Blacks.
The 761st arrived in France on October 10, 1944, coming ashore at Omaha Beach, and moving into Belgium at the beginning of November. General George S. Patton famously gave the Black Panthers a pep talk, saying in part:
“Men, you’re the first Negro tankers to ever fight in the American Army. I would never have asked for you if you weren’t good. I have nothing but the best in my Army. I don’t care what color you are as long as you go up there and kill those Kraut sonsofbitches. Everyone has their eyes on you and is expecting great things from you. Most of all your race is looking forward to your success. Don’t let them down and damn you, don’t let me down!” Privately, however, Patton harbored the same doubts that many White officers had about Black soldiers, and he was reluctant to commit them to combat.
The motto of the 761 was “Come out fighting”, which they did!
On November 7, 1944, none of the White officers were present when the Black Panthers attacked the German-held town of Morville-les-Vic in support of the 26th Infantry Division. the first thrust into the town was commanded by African American Capt. John D. Long of B Company, who followed behind the lead Sherman tank commanded by Sgt. Roy King. “I am sure my men thought I was a bastard and hated my guts, but they followed me,” later recalled Long, a no-nonsense officer who hailed from Detroit. “They were a well-greased fighting machine.”
Right inside the town, King’s lead tank was knocked out by a German panzerfaust. Two of King’s crew were wounded; their comrades dragged them to safety behind the tank and then went on to kill the soldier with the panzerfaust and also the crew of a German anti-tank gun. King ran to the aid of a White infantry soldier and was wounded in the process but refused evacuation; he would be killed in action 12 days later. At the end of the battle in Morville-les-Vic, a German officer would tell Long that the conduct of King and his crew “was only equaled by that of a Russian tank crew under similar circumstances.”
We are seeing the courage of Black soldiers under fire, and it does not fit the stereotype that established the disdain for Black soldiers in the first place and lingers until today.
Another tank commander, Staff Sgt. Ruben Rivers, encountered a German roadblock that forced his tank to a halt. Under heavy enemy small arms fire, he leaped out of the tank, attached a cable from his Sherman tank to the roadblock, pulled the obstacle off the road, freeing the tank column to resume the advance and capture the town. Rivers would later receive the Silver Star for his conduct. Like King, however, Rivers would be killed in action several days later; his medal was sent to his family in Oklahoma posthumously. Posthumously refers to after death. Many Blacks were denied honors until decades after their heroism was recognized. It had gone unrecognized because of systematic exclusion based on race.
The Black Panthers captured Morville-les-Vic on November 7. Three days later, as the advance continued, Sgt. Warren Crecy’s Sherman was knocked out by a German anti-tank gun. Crecy jumped out, took charge of a machine gun on a nearby American halftrack, and used it to wipe out the enemy gun crew.
On November 8, leading another tank, Crecy again dismounted under fire when his vehicle became stuck in the mud and worked to extricate it. While he was doing so, he saw an enemy machine gun take some of the 26th Division infantry under fire. Crecy climbed up to his turret machine gun and used it to suppress the enemy.
He would use the same gun again many times that same day—exposing himself to enemy fire and knocking out German machine gun nests and an anti-tank gun. He too would receive a Silver Star for gallantry in action.
Capt. Long proudly summed up his pride for the Black Panthers and their conduct. “Not for God and country but for me and my people,” he said. “This was my motivation pure and simple when I entered the army. I swore to myself there would never be a headline saying my men and I chickened.
A soldier, in time of war, is supposed to accept the idea of dying. That’s what he is there for; live with it and forget it. I expected to get killed, but whatever happened I was determined to die an officer and a gentleman. . .. The town of Morville-les-Vic was supposed to be a snap, but it was an inferno; my men were tigers, they fought like seasoned veterans. We got our lumps, but we took that f***ing town.”
Recognition of the 761st and being in the history that we all learned does not take one thing from White soldiers, however, there appears to be a dread among historians and White soldiers that it does. To avoid any controversy or conversation about Blacks that destroys the myth that they are an inferior race seems to be the only reason we do not know about their excellence.
The rule seems to apply to all cases where Black excellence is shown and applies to all instances where the actions of Whites may be questioned. Unless and until we move beyond this point and deal with history in an adult manner including open and frank discussion, understanding and a genuine desire to resolve the problems the problem will remain and get passed on to our children who do not deserve to have problems dumped on them that can be solved today!
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This is not the end of the post as there are some specifically chosen videos and books that allow for a deeper understanding of facts at hand. We have been kept in the dark too long. Education on such matters is up to the individual and we make easy.
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Patton’s Black Panthers – the 761 Tank Battalion
Come Out Fighting: The 761st – The Black WWII Battalion That Liberated Hitler’s Camps
“Come Out Fighting: The 761st” is a 2002 documentary directed by award winning filmmaker Fern Levitt.
This story of the 761st tank battalion in World War II recalls the segregation of U.S. armed forces and the determination of this first black armoured battalion to show its worth, both in the Battle of the Bulge and in General George Patton’s dash into Germany and Austria. Some veterans helped form the backbone of the postwar U.S. civil rights movement. Also featuring Canadan Holocaust survivor Max Eisen who was liberated by members of the 761st (Made for History Channel’s “Turning Points of History”.)
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Book
Brothers in Arms: The Epic Story of the 761st Tank Battalion, WWII’s Forgotten Heroes
A powerful wartime saga recounting the extraordinary story of the 761st Tank Battalion, the first all-Black armored unit to see combat in World War II.
“More than a combat story…it’s also the story of how Black soldiers had to fight (literally and figuratively) for the right to fight the Germans.” (USA Today)
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar first became immersed in the history of the 761st Battalion through family friend Leonard “Smitty” Smith, a veteran of the unit. Working with acclaimed writer Anthony Walton, Abdul-Jabbar interviewed surviving members of the battalion to weave together a pause-resisting narrative based on their memories, stories, and historical accounts, from basic training through the horrors of the battlefield to their postwar experiences. Trained essentially as a public relations gesture to maintain the support of the Black community for the war, the battalion was never intended to see battle.
In fact, General Patton originally opposed their deployment, claiming African Americans couldn’t think quickly enough to operate tanks in combat conditions. But in the summer of 1944, following heavy casualties in the fields of France, the Allies – desperate for trained tank personnel – called the battalion up anyway. While most combat troops fought on the front for a week or two before being rotated back, the men of the 761st served for more than six months, fighting heroically under Patton’s Third Army at the Battle of the Bulge and in the Allies’ final drive across France and Germany. Despite a casualty rate that approached 50 percent and an extreme shortage of personnel and equipment, the 761st would ultimately help liberate some 30 towns and villages, as well as several branch concentration camps.
The racism that shadowed them during the war and the prejudice they faced upon their return home are an indelible part of their story. Shining through most of all, however, are the lasting bonds that united them as soldiers and brothers, the bravery they exhibited on the battlefield, and the quiet dignity and patriotism that defined their lives.
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A Black WWII tank battalion rescued from obscurity.
Oscar-winning actor Morgan Freeman is narrator and executive producer of the History Channel documentary “761st Tank Battalion: The Original Black Panthers,” about one of only a few African-American tank battalions that saw combat in World War II, at a time when the armed forces were still segregated. He talks with CBS News national security correspondent David Martin about the importance of bringing the story of the 761st to light.
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Book
Patton’s Panthers: The African-American 761st Tank Battalion In World War II
On the battlefields of World War II, the men of the African American 761st Tank Battalion under General Patton broke through enemy lines with the same courage with which they broke down the racist limitations set upon them by others—proving themselves as tough, reliable, and determined to fight as any tank unit in combat.
Beginning in November 1944, the 761st Tank Battalion engaged the enemy for 183 straight days, spearheading many of General Patton’s offensives at the Battle of the Bulge and in six European countries. No other unit fought for so long and so hard without respite. The 761st defeated more than 6,000 enemy soldiers, captured thirty towns, liberated Jews from concentration camps—and made history as the first African American armored unit to enter the war.
This is the true story of the Black Panthers, who proudly lived up to their motto (Come Out Fighting) and paved the way for African Americans in the U.S. military—while battling against the skepticism and racism of the very people they fought for.
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The ORIGINAL Black Panthers: Morgan Freeman And Secretary Austin Chat About The 761st Tank Battalion
Secretary Austin and actor Morgan Freeman hold a fireside chat to discuss an upcoming documentary about the 761st Tank Battalion, also known as the Black Panthers, who were the first Black tank unit to serve in combat during WWII.
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Book
The Black Panthers at War: The 761st Tank Battalion and General Patton’s Drive on Germany
The Black Panthers at War: The 761st Tank Battalion and General Patton’s Drive on Germany, tells the full and unvarnished history of this important American fighting force. Known as the first African American armored unit to see combat in World War II and as future baseball star Jackie Robinson’s one-time outfit, the 761st Tank Battalion emerged from the adversity. Led by a small cadre of white and black officers, the men trained to the pinnacle of their craft to fight a common enemy. They proved their battle prowess on the parched Texas training fields against tank destroyer units bound for combat. (Formerly, The Black Panthers: A Story of Race, War, and Courage. The 761st Tank Battalion in World War II. Westholme Publishing 2014)
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Heroes Among Us: The Black Panthers of the 761st Tank Battalion
As a part of our “Heroes Among Us” series, Go For Broke National Education Center is honoring our Black American veterans of World War II. As our nation currently finds itself struggling with a crisis of conscience, we acknowledge that despite the promise of America, not all people have been embraced by America’s value of equality. In recognition and support of our Black brothers and sisters, Go For Broke National Education Center will be sharing stories of Black veterans of World War II. Of their courage, patriotism, and sacrifice. Despite the great discrimination they faced, they upheld America’s promise and provide us today with a sense of moral direction. In this video we honor soldiers of the famed “Black Panthers,” or the 761st Tank Battalion, which was a segregated Black American unit that served during World War II.
**
Book
The Black Panthers: A Story of Race, War, and Courage—the 761st Tank Battalion in World War II
Known as the first
African American armored unit to see combat in World War II and as future
baseball star Jackie Robinson’s one-time outfit, the 761st Tank Battalion
emerged from the adversity of Camp Claiborne, Louisiana. Led by a small cadre of
white and black officers, the men trained to the pinnacle of their craft to
fight a common enemy. The Black Panthers, as their unit insignia designated,
proved their battle prowess on the parched Texas training fields against units
bound for combat. The 761st earned a coveted assignment to fight under General
George S. Patton to fight head-to-head with the best of Hitler’s arsenal.
Moving to the front in November 1944, trial by fire soon shook the unit to its
core. Ambushed by a veteran German force, the 761st suffered heavy casualties in
the confusion as they cut their way out of the trap. But the men rallied to
overcome self-doubt and vindicated their losses. Battle-hardened, the tankers
saw intense fighting through November and as well as December when Germany
launched its last-ditch offensive through the Ardennes. The 761st fought
side-by-side with Patton’s Third Army. Moving through deep snow against uncertain
opposition, the unit helped check the German advance, cut resupply routes to the
forces surrounding beleaguered Bastogne, and drove the enemy back, recapturing
towns crucial to the final defeat of Germany.
In The Black Panthers: A Story of Race,
War, and Courage–the 761st Tank Battalion in World War II, historian Gina M.
DiNicolo tells the full and unvarnished history of this important American
fighting force. Relying on extensive archival research, including documents not
consulted in previous accounts and interviews with surviving soldiers and family
members. The author describes the unit–its training, deployment, combat, and
notably its men, such as Sergeant Ruben Rivers, one of only seven African American
men awarded the Medal of Honor for World War II heroism. The professionalism,
dedication, and courage of the 761st endures.
**
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2015 Honors: The 761st Tank Battalion (Narrated by Joe Mantegna)
The Story of the 761st “Black Panther” Tank Battalion, the decorated all African-American unit who served with valor during World War II. Narration by Joe Mantegna.
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Ancestry Test Kits
Discover the deep rich heritage that is you using these options. There are many people who have ancestors they can be proud of but realize that it can be difficult. The products below are a tremendous help in making these amazing discoveries.
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The following book is a great addition to the above and can be used to answer and further your search for ancestors that can bring pride to you. We come from strong roots, discover and take pride!
Black Roots: A Beginners Guide To Tracing The African American Family Tree
Trace, document, record, and write your family’s history with this easy-to-read, step-by-step authoritative guide.
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-more than 100 illustrations and photographs of actual documents and records you’re likely to encounter when tracing your family tree
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Discover the deep rich heritage that is you using these options
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The following book is a great addition to the above and can be used to answer and further your search for ancestors that can bring pride to you. We come from strong roots, discover and take pride!
Black Roots: A Beginners Guide To Tracing The African American Family Tree
Trace, document, record, and write your family’s history with this easy-to-read, step-by-step authoritative guide.
Finally, here is the fun, easy-to-use guide that African Americans have been waiting for since Alex Haley published Roots more than twenty-five years ago. Written by the leading African American professional genealogist in the United States who teaches and lectures widely, Black Roots highlights some of the special problems, solutions, and sources unique to African Americans. Based on solid genealogical principles and designed for those who have little or no experience researching their family’s past, but valuable to any genealogist, this book explains everything you need to get started, including: where to search close to home, where to write for records, how to make the best use of libraries and the Internet, and how to organize research, analyze historical documents, and write the family history.
This guide also includes:
-real case histories that illustrate the unique challenges posed to African Americans and how they were solved
-more than 100 illustrations and photographs of actual documents and records you’re likely to encounter when tracing your family tree
-samples of all the worksheets and forms you’ll need to keep your research in order
-a list of the traps even experienced researchers often fall into that hamper their research
**
We have seen a unit of the United States of America fight with bravery, yet we do not see them in history as there is an unwritten rule that makes it taboo to talk about race in any form. The information is available, and it is incumbent on us to educate ourselves. Rather than facing the problem, we have leaders who are embarrassed by the facts. We are a nation willing to face and solve problems.
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