Adams, Lt Col Charity – Namesake of Fort Gregg-Adams
By
John C Abercrombie
To fully understand this honor, take a look at the following posts
Confederate General – Fort Lee click the link below
https://amazingblackhistory.com/2023/06/08/lee-general-robert-e-confederate-general/
Lt Gen Arthur Gregg – Also honored with Fort Gregg-Adams, click the link below
The 6888 – The all Black female battalion that served during World War II, click the link below
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Lt Col Charity Adams Earley is best known for being honored along with Lt General Arthur Gregg, featured last week as they are the recipients of being honored by the United States Military having the formerly Fort Lee, Virginia now bearing the name Fort Gregg-Adams honoring two deserving Black leaders.
Lt Col Charity Adams Earley served as the highest-ranking Black woman officer during World War II. The service of her unit helped defeat the Axis Powers. Adams also fought against segregation in the Army and helped open the doors of opportunity for Black women in the military. Adam’s commitment to activism helped her better the lives and opportunities of other Black military personnel.
Adams grew up in Columbia, South Carolina after being born in Kittrell, North Carolina on December 5, 1918. Cities near Kittrell include Henderson, Wake Forest, Durham, Raleigh, Garner, Clayton and Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
Columbia, South Carolina is the Capital of South Carolina.
Her parents believed strongly in education and were high achievers. Her father, a college graduate, was an African Methodist Episcopal minister. Her mother was a schoolteacher. Adams was the oldest of four children. She graduated from Booker T. Washington High School in Columbia, as valedictorian and from Wilberforce University in Ohio in 1938, majoring in math and physics. After graduation, she returned to Columbia where she taught mathematics at the local high school while studying part-time for an M.A. degree in psychology at The Ohio State University, receiving her master’s degree in 1946.
Adams had shown intellectual skills from an early age. The oldest of four children. Forced to navigate racial prejudice and discrimination, she used her intellectual skills and insight gained from her mother. Because of training at home, she was able to enter elementary school as a second grader. She graduated as valedictorian of her class and had the opportunity to start college early, but her parents, realizing that she had started school, did not approve of it.
She attended Wilberforce University in Ohio, one of the best Black schools of higher education at the time. She majored in mathematics, Latin and physics with a minor in history. At the same time, she was active in school groups, including the
- National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
- Women’s Self-Government Association
- Delta Sigma Theta
She graduated from Wilberforce University with a Bachelor of Arts in 1938. Towards the end of her studies at Wilberforce University, Earley also took courses in education, so that she could teach after completing her degree. From 1938 until 1942, she taught math and science in a junior high school in Columbia, South Carolina. In the summers, when she was not teaching, she took graduate courses at Ohio State University, later declaring her major as vocational psychology.
In 1942, the United States was expanding its military forces as it went to war with Germany and Japan. As part of this effort, the Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC), later known as the Women’s Army Corps (WAC), was created in the spring of 1942. Hearing about the formation of the WAAC, Adams decided to apply for a place in the organization. She was accepted in July of that year and travelled to Iowa to begin training at Fort Des Moines as a member of the first officer candidate school. She completed training and was commissioned on August 29, 1942. Adams remained at the training center in Fort Des Moines until 1944. During that time, she worked as a staff training officer, a station control officer, and a company commander. In September 1943, she was promoted to major, making her the highest-ranking female officer at the training center.
In 1944, Adams was selected to be the commanding officer of the First Black unit of WAC to go overseas. That unit was the 6888 Central Postal Directory Battalion. Commonly called the triple 8’s. The mission of the battalion. Their mission was to organize and redirect mail to United States servicemen, some of which had been undeliverable for up to two years. The unit began working in Birmingham, England, working around the clock. Three shifts working eight hours per shift seven days a week. Much of the mail had errors in the addressing, for example, it may be addressed to “John Smith”. It had been estimated to take up to six months, but they accomplished the task in three months. Their motto “No mail, low morale”. Adams estimated they handled approximately 65,000 pieces of mail per day.
A visiting general demanded she have all of the women present. She stated that would be impossible as some were working, some sleeping etc. The general threatened to replace her with a White commander to which she replied, “Over my dead body, Sir”.
For her work in the WAC, Adams was promoted to lieutenant colonel on December 26, 1945. This rank was the highest possible promotion for any women in the WAC and placed her directly under the colonel and director of the organization, Oveta Culp Hobby. In March 1946. Upon her discharge from the military, The National Council of Negro Women Inc. presented Adams with a scroll of honor for distinguished service to the military.
After leaving the services, Adams was inundated by many groups to give talks about her wartime experiences. She also went back to Ohio State University and completed her MA in 1946. Following the completion of her degree, she went to work with the Veterans Administration in Cleveland, Ohio as a registration officer. In this position, she reviewed WWII veterans’ requests for educational funding and other benefits offered under the G.I. Bill. She determined how much each veteran would be awarded. She continued in this position from 1946 to 1947. She then turned to a variety of roles in academic administration. She worked as the dean of student personnel services at Tennessee Agricultural and Industrial State College in Nashville, Tennessee, and the dean of students at Georgia State College in Savannah, Georgia.
After getting married in 1949, she moved to Zurich, Switzerland, where her husband, Stanley A. Earley Jr., was training to be a doctor. In Zurich, she attended Minerva Institute for ten months to learn German. When she had mastered the language, she attended courses for two years at the University of Zurich. In her second year, Earley also studied at the Jungian Institute of Analytical Psychology, but she did not pursue a degree.
Upon her return to the United States in the 1950s, she was extremely active in community and civic work in Ohio, where she lived. She sat on a number of boards including:
- the board of directors and the board of governors of the Dayton chapter of the American Red Cross, the board of the Sinclair Community College, and
- the board of the Dayton Power and Light Company.
- She was the founder of the Black Leadership Development Program (BLDP) in Dayton in 1982, which seeks to educate and train African Americans to be leaders in their communities.
- Parity, or Parity Inc. as it is now known, which Earley helped create in 2000, facilitates the BLDP’s training program.
Before her death on January 13, 2002, the Smithsonian National Postal Museum honored Earley for her work with the 6888th Central Postal Directory Battalion. In a ceremony held in Washington, D.C. in 1996, the institution recognized Adam’s achievements in World War II.
Other awards and achievements
- Ohio Women’s Hall of Fame
- The Smithsonian Institution: 100 Most Important Black Women in History
- South Carolina Black Hall of Fame
- Top Ten Women of the Miami Valley Dayton Daily News
- Service to the Community Award
- Senior Citizens Gold Watch Award
- Ohio Veterans Hall of Famed
- named citizen of the year by The Montgomery County Board of Commissioners
- the BellSouth African American History Calendar
- honorary doctorates from Wilberforce University and the University of Dayton
- namesake of Fort Gregg-Adams – A well-deserved honor!
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Charity Adams Earley p2
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HERstory Spotlight | Charity Adams Earley and the 6888th
Charity Adams Earley was the highest-ranking Black woman in the U.S. Army during World War II. She commanded the 6888th Central Postal Directory Battalion, the only contingent of Black WACs to serve overseas during the war. In 2021, the U.S. Senate voted to award the 6888th the Congressional Gold Medal. As of February 2022, the 6888th Congressional Gold Medal bill is pending in the U.S. House of Representatives. The HERstory Spotlight Series takes a look at stories from both our Register, an interactive online database of military women, and our world-class collection.
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Book
You may sample each book as you consider it and you can order it using our affiliate link with Amazon
One Woman’s Army: A Black Officer Remembers the WAC (Texas A & M University Military History Series, #12) (Volume
Black members of the WAC had to fight the prejudices not only of males who did not want women in their “man’s army,” but also of those who could not accept blacks in positions of authority or responsibility, even in the segregated military.
With unblinking candor, Charity Adams Earley tells of her struggles and successes as the WAC’s first black officer and as commanding officer of the only organization of black women to serve overseas during World War II. The 6888th Central Postal Directory Battalion broke all records for redirecting military mail as she commanded the group through its moves from England to France and stood up to the racist slurs of the general under whose command the battalion operated. The Six Triple Eight stood up for its commanding officer, supporting her boycott of segregated living quarters and recreational facilities.
This book is a tribute to those courageous women who paved the way for patriots, regardless of color or gender, to serve their country.
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LTC Charity Adams, Oral History, 1990
Charity Adams was one of the first African American WAC Officers, graduating from the First WAAC Officer Candidate School in 1942. In 1945, she became commanding officer of the 6888th Central Postal Directory Battalion, which was the first and only black WAC unit to be stationed overseas during World War II.
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Book
Standing Up Against Hate: How Black Women in the Army Helped Change the Course of WWII
Standing Up Against Hate tells the stories of the African American women who enlisted in the newly formed Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC) in World War II. They quickly discovered that they faced as many obstacles in the armed forces as they did in everyday life. However, they refused to back down. They interrupted careers and left family, friends, and loved ones to venture into unknown and sometimes dangerous territory. They survived racial prejudice and discrimination with dignity, succeeded in jobs women had never worked before, and made crucial contributions to the military war effort. The book centers around Charity Adams, who commanded the only black WAAC battalion sent overseas and became the highest ranking African American woman in the military by the end of the war. Along with Adams’s story are those of other black women who played a crucial role in integrating the armed forces. Their tales are both inspiring and heart-wrenching. The book includes a timeline, bibliography, and index.
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S04 E26: Major Charity Adams Earley and The Women’s the 6888th Battalion
The Genealogy Adventures team has come across a group of women with a history that is so riveting…we realized would take three shows just to give you a taste of the remarkable things they have done in history. It’s a history too few people know about.
The 6888th Central Postal Directory Battalion, nicknamed the “Six Triple Eight”, was an all-black battalion of the Women’s Army Corps (WAC). The 6888th had 855 black women, both enlisted and officers, and was led by Major Charity Adams Earley. It was the only all-black, all-female battalion overseas during World War II. The group motto was “No mail, low morale”.
The battalion was commanded by Major Charity Edna Adams Early, who became the highest-ranking African-American woman in the military at the end of World War II.
As you can see honoring these women in one show is just impossible – so we’re presenting the history of this battalion of women as a 3-part series. In this episode, we welcome the son and daughter of Maj. Charity Edna Adams Earley to the show. Stanley and Judith Earley will join us and talk to us about their mum and her stories of leading the six triple eight!
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Book
The Courageous Six Triple Eight: The All-Black Female Battalion of World War II (Women Warriors of World War II)
When the United States entered World War II, it had to face its own contradictions at home. Opportunities opened up for Black people and women in support of the war effort. But ideas about race and gender didn’t change as swiftly. Read the story of the first all-Black battalion in the Women’s Army Corps–the Six Triple Eight–and its leader, Major Charity Adams. These women bravely confronted the racism and sexism they experienced. And they did it while creating a system to make sure millions of letters and packages got to soldiers fighting in Europe. From the Women Warriors of World War II graphic novel series, this inspiring story will introduce readers to heroes who were victorious in more ways than one.
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Who are Lt. Gen. Arthur Gregg and Lt. Col. Charity Adams?
In a historic ceremony, the Army post known for generations as Fort Lee was officially renamed Fort Gregg-Adams after Lt. Gen. Arthur J. Gregg and Lt. Col. Charity Adams.
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Book
Glory in Their Spirit: How Four Black Women Took On the Army during World War II (Women, Gender, and Sexuality in American History)
Before Rosa Parks and the March on Washington, four African American women risked their careers and freedom to defy the United States Army over segregation. Women Army Corps (WAC) privates Mary Green, Anna Morrison, Johnnie Murphy, and Alice Young enlisted to serve their country, improve their lives, and claim the privileges of citizenship long denied them. Promised a chance at training and skilled positions, they saw white WACs assigned to those better jobs and found themselves relegated to work as orderlies. In 1945, their strike alongside fifty other WACs captured the nation’s attention and ignited passionate debates on racism, women in the military, and patriotism. Glory in Their Spirit presents the powerful story of their persistence and the public uproar that ensued. Newspapers chose sides. Civil rights activists coalesced to wield a new power. The military, meanwhile, found itself increasingly unable to justify its policies. In the end, Green, Morrison, Murphy, and Young chose court-martial over a return to menial duties. But their courage pushed the segregated military to the breaking point ”and helped steer one of American’s most powerful institutions onto a new road toward progress and justice.
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The 6888 Postal Directory Battalion- Heroes of World War II
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Black Roots: A Beginners Guide To Tracing The African American Family Tree
Trace, document, record, and write your family’s history with this easy-to-read, step-by-step authoritative guide.
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Charity Adams has been honored for her service to America. While America bills itself as the land of opportunity, it has not been so for so many people. This is not exclusive to Blacks, but they have been the target for many years. We see that intellect is present but without opportunity it often dies. The lesson here is to always take advantage of opportunity, be prepared for it and do it with gusto. A lesson for everybody!