Douglass, Frederick – To the Slave, what is the 4th of July?
By
John C Abercrombie
The speech discussed in this post makes referrence to the American Revolutionary War and the celebration of independence on July 4th. To fully understand, consider the following links that debunk the notion that Blacks were not invollved in the American Revolutionary War.
As we look at the speech of Frederick Douglass on the meaning of the 4th of July to the slave, it is important that we consider the links in this post. Previously posted, they give us a glimpse into the American Revolutionary War with America fighting for independence from England.
Most of us were not exposed to any Blacks in the battle, except a few who may know about Crispus Attucks, a man of color and the first person to die in the battle. This is because most were not taught about this portion of history, and this includes teachers. Thus, we are left with what has been shared and that is the image of slavery. This is grossly unfair as it paints a distorted picture. Blacks have lost role models and inspirational figures. Whites are left with the mistaken image of slavery and the omission of people willing to put their lives on the line for America.
Look at these posts and expose yourself to some enlightening information. We are a team, but if you have no confidence in your team members, your chances of sustained success diminish.
Black Heroes – Revolutionary War – Founding Fathers
https://amazingblackhistory.com/2017/07/26/black-heroes-revolutionary-war-founding-fathers/
Salem, Peter – Hero – Battle of Bunker Hill
https://amazingblackhistory.com/2017/07/26/peter-salem-hero-battle-of-bunker-hill/
Poor, Salem – Another Hero – Battle of Bunker Hill
https://amazingblackhistory.com/2017/07/28/salem-poor-another-hero-battle-of-bunker-hill/
Armistead Lafayette, James – Helps Win American Revolutionary War
Cheswell, Wentworth – Black Patriot Who Warned of the British Invasion
Haynes, Lemuel – Unsung Black Hero of the American Revolutionary War
Whipple, Prince – American Revolutionary Hero
https://amazingblackhistory.com/2017/07/28/prince-whipple-american-revolutionary-hero/
Dabney, Austin – Black American Revolutionary War Hero – Georgia
Hector, Edward “Ned” – Battlefield Hero – American Revolutionary War
Bucks of America
https://amazingblackhistory.com/2017/11/25/bucks-of-america/
Lee, William “Billy” – Valet to George Washington
https://amazingblackhistory.com/2018/03/24/william-billy-lee-valet-to-george-washington/
After seeing that we indeed contributed to the founding of America, the speech of Frederick Douglass takes on a significant and detailed explanation for present and future consideration. This speech takes on a significant challenge to all who read it.
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Frederick Douglass was born with the name Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey to his mother Harriet Bailey. He changed his name to Douglass and dropped his two middle names to avoid detection after escaping slavery.
It is rumored that his father was his mother’s owner, but Frederick and his mother were separated when he was an infant. This was a frequent occurrence during slavery since enslaved persons were considered property, not human beings. Enslavement was cruel not only physically, but emotionally as well. Frederick reported that he does not recollect ever seeing his mother by the light of day.
After separation from his mother during infancy, young Frederick lived with his maternal grandmother Betsy Bailey, who was also enslaved, and his maternal grandfather Isaac, who was free. Once again, we see the ugly side of enslavement, families were split. In this case the status of a person, slave or free, followed that of the mother and did not keep families together. The slave, including in this case a child, could be sold away from the parents who would have nothing to say about it. Family bonds were strong but easily broken because of the legal system and status.
Frederick was raised by his maternal grandmother. Frederick’s mother was on another plantation about 12 miles away and was unable to sneak away often and only saw him a few times before her death when Frederick was seven years old.
Returning much later, about 1883, to purchase land in Talbot County that was meaningful to him, he was invited to address “a colored school”:
“I once knew a little colored boy whose mother and father died when he was six years old. He was a slave and had no one to care for him. He slept on a dirt floor in a hovel, and in cold weather would crawl into a meal bag head foremost and leave his feet in the ashes to keep them warm. Often, he would roast an ear of corn and eat it to satisfy his hunger, and many times he crawled under the barn or stable and secured eggs, which he would roast in the fire and eat”.
“That boy did not wear pants like you do, but a tow linen shirt. Schools were unknown to him, and he learned to spell from an old Webster’s spelling-book and to read and write from posters on cellar and barn doors, while boys and men would help him. He would then preach and speak, and soon became well known. He became Presidential Elector, United States Marshal, United States Recorder, United States diplomat, and accumulated some wealth. He wore broadcloth and didn’t have to divide crumbs with the dogs under the table. That boy was Frederick Douglass”.
As is the life of enslaved people, they have no control over their lives and at the age of six, young Frederick Douglass was separated from his grandparents. He was given to Aaron Anthony. When Anthony he was given to Lucretia Auld, who sent him to serve her brother-in-law. They lived in Baltimore, and he was treated kindly and given proper food and clothing.
When Douglass was about 12, Sophia Auld began teaching him the alphabet. Hugh Auld disapproved of the tutoring, feeling that literacy would encourage enslaved people to desire freedom. Douglass later referred to this as the “first decidedly antislavery lecture” he had ever heard. “‘Very well, thought I,'” wrote Douglass. “‘Knowledge unfits a child to be a slave.’ I instinctively assented to the proposition, and from that moment I understood the direct pathway from slavery to freedom.” An appropriate lesson for all today.
Under her husband’s influence, Sophia came to believe that education and slavery were incompatible and one day snatched a newspaper away from Douglass. She stopped teaching him altogether and hid all potential reading materials, including her Bible, from him. In his autobiography, Douglass related how he learned to read from White children in the neighborhood, and by observing the writings of the men with whom he worked.
Douglass continued, secretly, to teach himself to read and write. He later often said, “knowledge is the pathway from slavery to freedom.” Editor’s note: AMEN!
As Douglass began to read newspapers, pamphlets, political materials, and books of every description, this new realm of thought led him to question and condemn the institution of slavery. In later years, Douglass credited The Columbian Orator, an anthology that he discovered at about age 12, while clarifying and defining his views on freedom and human rights. First published in 1797, the book is a classroom reader, containing essays, speeches, and dialogues, to assist students in learning reading and grammar. He later learned that his mother had also been literate, about which he would later declare:
I am quite willing, and even happy, to attribute any love of letters I possess, and for which I have got—despite of prejudices—only too much credit, not to my admitted Anglo-Saxon paternity, but to the native genius of my sable, unprotected, and uncultivated mother—a woman, who belonged to a race whose mental endowments it is, at present, fashionable to hold in disparagement and contempt.
Douglass escaped, which will not be detailed here and below in his words:
I have often been asked how I felt when first I found myself on free soil. And my readers may share the same curiosity. There is scarcely anything in my experience about which I could not give a more satisfactory answer. A new world had opened upon me. If life is more than breath, and the “quick round of blood,” I lived more in one day than in a year of my slave life. It was a time of joyous excitement which words can but tamely describe. In a letter written to a friend soon after reaching New York, I said: “I felt as one might feel upon escape from a den of hungry lions.” Anguish and grief, like darkness and rain, may be depicted; but gladness and joy, like the rainbow, defy the skill of pen or pencil.
Once Douglass arrived, he sent for Murray to follow him north to New York. She brought the basics for them to set up a home. They were married on September 15, 1838, by a Black Presbyterian minister, just eleven days after Douglass had reached New York. At first, they adopted Johnson as their married name, to divert attention. It is attention to detail like this that is necessary to avoid recapture and return to slavery, keeping in mind that laws often resulted in free people being sold into slavery for profit.
The couple settled in the abolitionist center of Bedford, Massachusetts. The area was home of many formerly enslaved people, moving there in 1838 before moving to Lynn, Massachusetts in 1841. In Lynn they stayed with Nathan and Mary Johnson before adopting the name Douglass.
Growing up Douglass used his mother’s surname Bailey. After his escape, he changed it to Stanley before Johnson. Johnson had been such a common name and Frederick wanted one that was more distinctive. It was Nathan Johnson who suggested “Douglass”. The name comes from a poem “The Lady of the Lake” by Walter Scott, in which two of the principal characters have the surname “Douglas”.
Douglass thought of joining a White Methodist Church, but was disappointed, from the beginning, upon finding that it was segregated. Later, he joined the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church, an independent Black denomination first established in New York City, which counted among its members Sojourner Truth and Harriet Tubman. Once again, we see the sometimes not so subtle racism emerging even in the church. You can be a Christian, but do it over there, not here.
Frederick Douglass became a licensed preacher in 1839, which helped him to hone his oratorical skills. He held various positions, including steward, Sunday-school superintendent, and sexton. In 1840, Douglass delivered a speech in Elmira, New York, then a station on the Underground Railroad, in which a Black congregation would form years later, becoming the region’s largest church by 1940.
Douglass also joined several organizations in New Bedford and regularly attended abolitionist meetings. He subscribed to William Lloyd Garrison’s weekly newspaper, The Liberator. He later said that “no face and form ever impressed me with such sentiments [of the hatred of slavery] as did those of William Lloyd Garrison.” So deep was this influence that in his last autobiography, Douglass said “his paper took a place in my heart second only to The Bible.”
Douglass was unexpectedly invited to speak. After telling his story, Douglass was encouraged to become an anti-slavery lecturer. A few days later, Douglass spoke at the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society’s annual convention, in Nantucket. Then 23 years old, Douglass conquered his nervousness and gave an eloquent speech about his life as a slave.
There was a time when people questioned whether he was really a slave since he was a great orator. This is just another example of why it was against the law to teach Blacks to read, right and do numbers. They could attract the ear of people who may see them as human beings.
While living in Lynn, Douglass engaged in an early protest against segregated transportation. In September 1841, at Lynn Central Square station, Douglass, and his friend James N. Buffum were thrown off an Eastern Railroad train because Douglass refused to sit in the segregated railroad coach. Many people suffered serious injury due to such cruel treatment, including Harriet Tubman and Elizabeth Jennings.
At a lecture in Pendleton, Indiana, an angry mob chased and beat Douglass before a local Quaker family, the Hardys, rescued him. His hand was broken in the attack; it healed improperly and bothered him for the rest of his life.
In 1847, Douglass explained to Garrison, “I have no love for America, as such; I have no patriotism. I have no country. What country have I? The Institutions of this Country do not know me and do not recognize me as a man.”
On the tenth anniversary of his escape, he wrote the following letter to his former Thomas Auld.
Oh! sir, a slaveholder never appears to me so completely an agent of hell, as when I think of and look upon my dear children. It is then that my feelings rise above my control. … The grim horrors of slavery rise in all their ghastly terror before me, the wails of millions pierce my heart, and chill my blood. I remember the chain, the gag, the bloody whip, the deathlike gloom overshadowing the broken spirit of the fettered bondman, the appalling liability of his being torn away from wife and children and sold like a beast in the market.
In 1848, Douglass was the only Black person to attend the Seneca Falls Convention, the first women’s rights convention, in upstate New York. Elizabeth Cady Stanton asked the assembly to pass a resolution asking for women’s suffrage. Many of those present opposed the idea, including influential Quakers James and Lucretia Mott. Douglass stood and spoke eloquently in favor of women’s suffrage; he said that he could not accept the right to vote as a Black man if women could also not claim that right. He suggested that the world would be a better place if women were involved in the political sphere.
On February 20, 1895, Douglass attended a meeting of the National Council of Women in Washington, D.C. During that meeting, he was brought to the platform and received a standing ovation. Shortly after he returned home, Douglass died of a massive heart attack. He was 77.
Given his background, his great intellect and oratorial skills, the remainder of the post is dedicated to his speech on “To the Slave, what is the 4th of July”. It is moving, eloquent and contains subject matter that is relevant but largely undiscussed today. Take your time and reflect on the subject at hand.
The hypocrisy of America is revealed in Douglass’s speech. While many Blacks fought for American independence, it only freed White Americans and ignored all Blacks, including those who fought for independence.
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Frederick Douglass 4th of July Speech p2
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Biography of Frederick Douglass for Kids: American Civil Rights History for Children – FreeSchool
Frederick Douglass was a famous speaker, writer, civil rights activist, and abolitionist. Born into slavery, he escaped to freedom and dedicated the rest of his life to securing freedom for others and equal rights for everyone. He wrote three biographies which still provide an excellent look at the conditions slaves were kept in.
This kid-friendly video is filled with facts and information about Frederick Douglass and his life; it also briefly explains the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments. Frederick Douglass changed history!
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Book
Narrative of the Life of FREDERICK DOUGLASS (Annotated): An American Slave. Written by Himself. (A Narrative of Frederick Douglass, Autobiography. A Book About Slavery – from Slavery to Freedom)
This narrative of Frederick Douglass is unabridged and contains additional annotation at the start of the book, a brief History of Slavery in America, and the Abolishment of Slavery. This will help set the stage for the narrative of Frederick Douglass that is to follow.
As you will notice this book, as are many others are available in several forms. There is the paperback and there is Kindle. Notice the price of Kindle is less and available instantly. You can sample these books before you make a buying decision. We endeavor to provide you with options for enlightenment. Note there are many entertaining books available in subjects from comedy to romance.
Immerse yourself in one of the most influential autobiographies of all time, written by one of the most remarkable individuals in American history.
Today, Frederick Douglass is remembered as a famous abolitionist in the nineteenth century.
But that statement alone doesn’t fully convey who this man truly was, and how much of an impact he made.
Frederick Douglass transformed the United States through his thoughts, words, and actions.
The greatness of his achievement becomes even more apparent when you consider that he was born into slavery.
What was it really like to be a black slave in early America?
And what incredible acts of courage did it take to break free from this brutal bondage?
How did he rise above such cruel existence to eventually become a timeless icon of freedom and equality?
This freshly researched and annotated version of the original work reveals the answers to these and many more questions.
In Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, you’ll discover:
How a slave refused to accept an unjust fate, strived to educate himself, and finally achieved freedom
How illiteracy was used by slave owners as a weapon for mass control and oppression
How slavery was practiced across the different states, and how individual slaves were affected
How black resistance gave birth to abolitionism, an international movement to put an end to slavery and the slave trade.
How the crusade to abolish slavery took on many forms, and why
How Douglass was instrumental not only in the abolitionist movement but also in the fight for women’s emancipation
Unfiltered first-hand accounts of unspeakable cruelty, social upheaval, and personal struggle and triumph
Morality, justice, freedom, equality, and nation-building, as seen from the eyes of a former slave
And much more.
Contrary to some assumptions, Frederick Douglass did not aim to destroy the establishment upon his freedom from enslavement.
He did not seek revenge, instigate violent riots, encourage lawlessness, or inspire divisiveness.
Instead, he set out to implement significant and lasting reforms.
He did so through the power of words, becoming a prolific author and outstanding orator.
Ultimately, he fought for the freedom and equal rights of every American regardless of race.
His influence was so profound that it still reverberates to this day, nearly two centuries after this first autobiography was written.
These raw recollections will take you from the beginning of his incredible journey to the roots of his lasting legacy.
It will help you fully appreciate and benefit from the contributions of this intellectual, cultural, and political giant.
If you’re ready to be inspired and enlightened by the most unlikely yet potent real-life success story, then scroll up and grab your copy right now.
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Frederick Douglass for Kids
Learn about Frederick Douglass in this video for kids. He helped end slavery, fought not only for African American rights but also women’s rights, and was an advisor to President Abraham Lincoln!
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What to the Slave is the 4th of July?
Descendano the Slave is the 4th of July?ts Read Frederick Douglass’ Speech | NPR
In the summer of 2020, the U.S. commemorated Independence Day amid nationwide protests for racial justice and systemic reforms in the wake of George Floyd’s death. That June, we asked five young descendants of Frederick Douglass to read and respond to excerpts of his famous speech, “What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?”. It’s a powerful, historical text that reminds us of the ongoing work of liberation.
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Book
Who Was Frederick Douglass?
Born into slavery in Maryland in 1818, Frederick Douglass was determined to gain freedom – and once he realized that knowledge was power, he secretly learned to read and write to give himself an advantage. After escaping to the North in 1838, as a free man he gave powerful speeches about his experience as a slave. He was so impressive that he became a friend of President Abraham Lincoln, as well as one of the most famous abolitionists of the 19th century.
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Teaching “What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?”
“This Fourth [of] July is yours, not mine. You may rejoice, I must mourn.” In Rochester, New York, on July 5, 1852, Frederick Douglass excoriated the nation for its hypocrisy, brutality, and arrogance in an Independence Day oration that still stings. What arguments did he make? What rhetorical skills did he display? How did he indict American history, American religion, and
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Book
The Life and Times of Frederick Douglass (African American)
Born around 1817 in Maryland, Frederick Douglass was a former plantation slave who went on to become a brilliant writer and eloquent orator. In this amazing first-hand narrative, published in 1881, he vividly recounts his early years, which were filled with physical abuse, deprivation, and tragedy; his dramatic escapes to the North, recapture, and eventual freedom; his work for the Anti-Slavery Society and influential role in speaking for other African-Americans; his abolitionist campaigns, and crusade for full civil rights for former slaves.
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Frederick Douglass: The Meaning of July 4th for the Negro
In a July 5, 1852, speech to a group of abolitionists, Frederick Douglass reminded them that for slaves and former slaves, the Declaration of Independence represented the unfulfilled promise of liberty for all. Phil Darius Wallace will give a dramatic reading of excerpts from the speech, followed by a discussion with Nathan Johnson, Supervisory Park Ranger at the Frederick Douglass National Historic Site, and Robert S. Levine, author of The Lives of Frederick Douglass. A book signing will follow the program.
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Book
Frederick Douglass: Prophet of Freedom
The definitive, dramatic biography of the most important African American of the 19th century: Frederick Douglass, the escaped slave who became the greatest orator of his day and one of the leading abolitionists and writers of the era.
As a young man, Frederick Douglass (1818-1895) escaped from slavery in Baltimore, Maryland. He was fortunate to have been taught to read by his slave owner mistress, and he would go on to become one of the major literary figures of his time. He wrote three versions of his autobiography over the course of his lifetime and published his own newspaper. His very existence gave the lie to slave owners: with dignity and great intelligence, he bore witness to the brutality of slavery.
Initially mentored by William Lloyd Garrison, Douglass spoke widely, often to large crowds, using his own story to condemn slavery. He broke with Garrison to become a political abolitionist, a Republican, and eventually a Lincoln supporter. By the Civil War and during Reconstruction, Douglass became the most famed and widely traveled orator in the nation. He denounced the premature end of Reconstruction and the emerging Jim Crow era. In his unique and eloquent voice, written and spoken, Douglass was a fierce critic of the US as well as a radical patriot. He sometimes argued politically with younger African Americans, but he never forsook either the Republican party or the cause of Black civil and political rights.
In this remarkable biography, David Blight has drawn on new information held in a private collection that few other historians have consulted, as well as recently discovered issues of Douglass’ newspapers. Blight tells the fascinating story of Douglass’ two marriages and his complex extended family. Douglass was not only an astonishing man of words, but a thinker steeped in Biblical story and theology. There has not been a major biography of Douglass in a quarter century. David Blight’s Frederick Douglass affords this important American the distinguished biography he deserves.
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Frederick Douglass’ 1852 speech on liberty
Contributor Kelefa Sanneh of The New Yorker magazine explores abolitionist orator Frederick Douglass’ 1852 speech, “What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?” which is recited today on Independence Day as a powerful affirmation of the right of liberty for all people, and of the promise of America.
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Book
The Collected Works Of Frederick Douglass
This wonderful collection: contains five works by ex-slave and abolitionist Frederick Douglass, including his autobiographical Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, Narrative Of The LifeOf Frederick Douglass,My Bondage And My Freedom,Collected Articles Of Frederick Douglass,Abolition Fanaticism In New York,John Brown. An Address.Frederick Douglass (born Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey; c.February 1818 – February 20, 1895) was an American social reformer, abolitionist, orator, writer, and statesman. After escaping from slavery in Maryland, he became a national leader of the abolitionist movement in Massachusetts and New York, gaining note for his oratory and incisive antislavery writings. In his time, he was described by abolitionists as a living counter-example to slaveholders’ arguments that slaves lacked the intellectual capacity to function as independent American citizens. Northerners at the time found it hard to believe that such a great orator had once been a slave.Douglass wrote several autobiographies. He described his experiences as a slave in his 1845 autobiography, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, which became a bestseller, and was influential in promoting the cause of abolition, as was his second book, My Bondage and My Freedom (1855). Douglass also actively supported women’s suffrage, and held several public offices. Without his approval, Douglass became the first African American nominated for Vice President of the United States as the running mate and Vice Presidential nominee of Victoria Woodhull, on the Equal Rights Party ticket.
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The following book is a great addition to the above and can be used to answer and further your search for ancestors that can bring pride to you. We come from strong roots, discover and take pride!
Black Roots: A Beginners Guide To Tracing The African American Family Tree
Trace, document, record, and write your family’s history with this easy-to-read, step-by-step authoritative guide.
Finally, here is the fun, easy-to-use guide that African Americans have been waiting for since Alex Haley published Roots more than twenty-five years ago. Written by the leading African American professional genealogist in the United States who teaches and lectures widely, Black Roots highlights some of the special problems, solutions, and sources unique to African Americans. Based on solid genealogical principles and designed for those who have little or no experience researching their family’s past, but valuable to any genealogist, this book explains everything you need to get started, including: where to search close to home, where to write for records, how to make the best use of libraries and the Internet, and how to organize research, analyze historical documents, and write the family history.
This guide also includes:
-real case histories that illustrate the unique challenges posed to African Americans and how they were solved
-more than 100 illustrations and photographs of actual documents and records you’re likely to encounter when tracing your family tree
-samples of all the worksheets and forms you’ll need to keep your research in order
-a list of the traps even experienced researchers often fall into that hamper their research
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While the subject is the speech of Frederick Douglass and his discussion of the meaning of the 4th of July with respect to the enslaved people in America, we also are able to show that those enslaved so believed in the dream and promise of America that they were willing to put their lives on the line in hopes of gaining full citizenship.
Often Blacks have fought for freedom in other countries while being denied those same rights here at home. Understanding of the real facts is essential to enlighten people of all races, often exposing them to the facts for the first time.
Race is in need of discussion to solve the problems that exist, else we dump on our children the problems which we should solve – NOW. Be a part of the solution, not the problem!